In this tutorial we will learn about how to install apache webserver.
Web server as the name says it is server which is used for web services. The websites and web applications required web server to run.
Here for webserver we will install apache. There are other web server which are also widely use in linux like nginx,lighttpd,cherokee etc.
Web Server details after installation:
By Default port: 80
Document Root: /var/www/html
Default user name: apache
Configuration File: /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
Note: You can also create a configuration file in /etc/httpd/conf.d
Server Details:
IP Address: 10.0.0.22
Operating System: CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
Arch: i686
Note: The practical has been performed in CentOS with minimal installation.
Follow the given below steps to install your first Apache web server
Step 1 To install Apache Web Server ,use given below command
yum install httpd
Set SELINUX for apache
setsebool -P allow_httpd_anon_write=1
Set IPTABLE for Web Server
For Temporary IPTABLE setting (means the iptable rule for http will be gone after server restart)
[root@webserver ~]# iptables -A INPUT -p 80 -j ACCEPT [root@webserver ~]# iptables -A OUTPUT -p 80 -j ACCEPT [root@webserver ~]# iptables-save
For Permanent IPTABLE setting
Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/iptables and append the given below 2 lines
-A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT
Reference of my system, See the line number where I append the iptables rule
Note: I used INPUT rule only in INPUT Section, for OUTPUT I append the iptable rule below FORWARD line
[root@webserver ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT COMMIT [root@webserver ~]#
Now check the iptables rule by using below given command
iptables -nL
See the below given reference from my server.
[root@webserver ~]# iptables -nL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 [root@webserver ~]#
How to start,stop,restart HTTP service or Apache service
For Starting HTTP service
service httpd start or /etc/init.d/httpd start
For stopping HTTP service
service httpd stop or /etc/init.d/httpd stop
For restarting HTTP service
service httpd restart or /etc/init.d/httpd restart
For checking HTTP service status
service httpd status or /etc/init.d/httpd status
When you start the httpd service, you may get the below given error message
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for webserver httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
To solve this issue, set the FQDN of Web server means set the Fully qualified domain name of your machine
To set FQDN and hostname, you have to follow the given steps
My server IP Address is 10.0.0.22 (Replace the IP address with your machine IP address)
Domain name: For practical purpose I am using domain name example.com (Replace with your domain name or you can also use this one for practice purpose)
Hostname: webserver
FQDN: webserver.example.com
To know about host name and FQDN read this post (The concept is equally applicable to CentOS and Red Hat)
In /etc/hosts file ,append the IP address and give Hostname and make FQDN name as per given below format.
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 10.0.0.22 webserver.example.com webserver
Now edit /etc/sysconfig/network and give host name information in HOSTNAME
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=webserver [root@localhost ~]#
Restart the server so that it could completely set the hostname and FQDN
init 6 or shutdown -r now
Once the server is restarted, check the hostname and FQDN. See the given below format for Hostname and FQDN
hostname command for checking hostname
hostname -f command for checking FQDN
[root@webserver ~]# hostname webserver [root@webserver ~]# hostname -f webserver.example.com [root@webserver ~]#
service httpd start or /etc/init.d/httpd start
Check the status of httpd service
service httpd status or /etc/init.d/httpd status
Reference from my server:
[root@webserver ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
[root@webserver ~]#
[root@webserver ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd status
httpd (pid 1372) is running…
[root@webserver ~]#
Enable the http service in Runlevel
To enable the http service in runlevel so that when system restart at particular runlevel the service must be running
chkconfig httpd on
Note: Above given command will enable the service in Run level 2,3,4 and 5
Reference of my system
[root@webserver html]# chkconfig --list|grep http httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off [root@webserver html]# chkconfig httpd on [root@webserver html]# chkconfig --list|grep http httpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@webserver html]#
check the welcome page in the web browser
Now open the web browser and in URL type –
http://webserver-ipaddress
You will get your first Welcome page
Create your first index.html page
Now create your first index.html page for further testing
vi /var/www/html/index.html
<html> <title> Test page </title> <body> <h2> Linux</h2> <p> Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel,an operating system kernel first released on 5 October 1991, by Linus Torvalds.Since the C compiler that builds Linux and the main supporting user space system tools and libraries originated in the GNU Project, initiated in 1983 by Richard Stallman, the Free Software Foundation prefers the name GNU/Linux when these tools and libraries are used. </p> </body> </html>
Change the group and ownership of index.html file
chown apache:apache /var/www/html/index.html
Now refresh the webbrowser or type in URL again http://ip-address-ofwebserver
You will get this page
Note: It is good practice to change the ownership and group of file. With the working experience in various web apps,CMS etc. you will know how and which file will get permission and ownership.
Important Note: To learn more about SELINUX , use the given below reference
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SELinux/apache
http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/SELinux
